Determinants of Traders’ Income at the Revitalized Vs Non-Revitalized Traditional Wet Market

The development of modern markets has obliged wet markets to change their appearance through revitalization program in order to improve competitiveness. This study comparestraders’ income in wet markets that have been revitalized (Manis Market) and that in non revitalized traditional wet market (Pon Market) in Purwokerto. This study aims to examine the effect of capital, working hour and length of business and to analyze differences in the average income of traders in both markets. The data used in this research are primary data taken from 84 respondents from Manis Market and 55 respondents from Pon Market. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that in Manis Market, capital has a significant influence on the income of traders while other factors such as working hour and length of business do not significantly influence the income of traders. In Pon Market, capital and length of business have a significant influence on the income of traders while working hour does not significantly influence the income of traders in. Result of independent sample t-test also shows that there is significant difference in the average income of traders between Manis Market and Pon Market implying that revitalization can enhance the competitiveness of traditional market.


INTRODUCTION
revitalization certainly cannot make Pasar Manis able to get the same position as the modern market, which has large capital, good management, and long working hours certainly makes their income higher. Nevertheless, it is then interesting to find out whether the independent variables have the same effect on traders income in non revitalized traditional wet market. In this study, Pon Market was selected due to the fact that both markets are located in urban areas.

METHODS
This research used a quantitative method by analyzing primary data. Primary data were obtained from questionnaire-based interview with traders in Manis Market and Pon Market traders. The population consist of 517 traders in Manis Market and 118 traders in Pon Market. Using Slovin formula, assuming a 10 percent sampling error, 84 traders in Manis Market and 55 traders in Pon Market were randomly selected.
Data were then analyzed using two methods namely Multiple Regression Analysis and indpendent sample t test analysis. Multiple regression analysis to examine the effect of capital, working hour and length of business on income received by traders in Manis Market and Pon Market. The equation of multiple linear regression can be written as follows: lnY i = α + β 1 lnX 1i + β 2 lnX 2i + β 3 lnX 3i + e Where Y is trader's income, X1 is capital, X2 is working hour, X3 is the length of business, α is the intercept, i is trader, e is error term and β is the the coefficients of elasticity.
Regarding the use of multiple regression methods, to avoid violating the assumptions of classical models, it is necessary to test classical assumptions. The classic assumption test used include the normality test, the multicollinearity test, and the heteroscedasticity test Independent sample t test is performed to compare the income of traders in both traditional wet markets, because the mean of two groups come from different groups and different objects or respondents (Sugiyono, 2014, p. 277). To determine the t-test formula, the two samples were first tested for normality and homogeneity. Normality test was performed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with error probability of 5%. If error probability of normality test > 0.05, data are normally distributed and otherwise. Homogeneity was tested using Levene's test. If error probability of homogeneity test > 0.05 , data are homogenous. If the data are normally distributed and homogenous, the comparison of traders' income in Manis Market and Pon Market use parametric test with independent sample ttest. If significant value of t-test < 0.05, there is a significant difference between the traders' income in Manis Market and Pon Market and otherwise.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
There is one dependent variable (traders' income) and three independent variables (capital, working hour, and length of business). Capital plays an important role in a business because as a tool of producing goods and services. Capital is a fund used to finance business establishment and daily operations activities (Harjito & Martono, 2011, p. 256 (2018) Length of business represents the experience of one's business (Artaman, Yuliarmi, & Djayastra, 2015). Table 5 shows the grouping of the length of business of the respondents.  (2018) Table 5 explains that the majority of respondents' length of business in Manis market is 1-6 years. Table 6 shows the majority of respondents in Pon market have been doing business between 6-10 years.
Tabel 6 (2018) Respondents' monthly income in Manis markets shows varying income (Table 7). Of the 84 respondents, only 1 respondent received the highest income, namely in the group of 5.7 million-6.5 million rupiah, while 9 respondents had the lowest monthly income at 486 -1.2 million rupiah. It is different for respondents in the Pon market where they have lower monthly income, from 600 thousand to 3.8 million rupiah (Table 8).   Table 9, Based on Table 4.17 known that the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) for all independent variables is below 10 and the tolerance value more than 0.1, so it can be concluded that there is no multicollinearity problem in the independent variable used in the regression model. Length of business (X3) 0.008 0.859 0.178 Source: SPPS 16.0 for Windows P-value for X1 is smaller than alpha 5% (<0.05) with t statistic of 5.384, more than df (> 1.99006). This means that capital (X1) has a significant effect on the income of traders in the Manis market. X2 and X3 have p value greater than alpha 5%, and t statistics of X2 and X3 are greater than the value of t table. In other words working hour (X2) and length of business (X3) do not affect the income of traders in the Manis market.
The result of multiple linear regression analysis in Pon market is presented at Table 10. Regression results indicate that p value for the X1 and X2 is greater than alpha 5%, and t statistic indicates a value greater than t table (> 2.00758). Therefore it can be concluded that the capital (X1) and working hour (X2) significantly affect income in Pon market, while for the length of business (X3) has p value smaller than alpha 5% and the value of the t statistic is less than t table, meaning that length of business (X3) had no effect on the income of traders.
To analyze whether there is a difference in the income of traders in Manis Market and Pon Market, normality and homogeneity tests should be performed to determine whether to use parametric test or non-parametric test. Based on Kolmogorov Smirnov test, the p-value of traders' income in Manis Market is 0.523 > 0.05, and the p-value of traders' income in Pon Market is 0.583 > 0.05 which mean that data are normally distributed. The result of Levene's test shows that the p-value is 0.379 > 0.05 which means that there is a similarity between group variances thus homogenity. Because the data are normally distributed and homogenous, parametric test using independent tsample was performed, the result of which is presented at Table 13.  (2018) Based on Table 14, almost all types of traders in Manis Market receive a greater income than those in Pon Market. This shows that running business in Manis Market potentially earns greater income compared to doing business in Pon Market. It can be concluded that with the traditional wet market revitalization program from the government, it can affect the trader's income. Proved by higher average trader's income in Manis Market than in Pon Market. The revitalization in Manis Market makes the market more comfortable and cleaner so buyers will be more interested for shopping at Manis Market. This can increase consumer interest in visiting Manis markets.
Capital has a significant effect on the income of traders in Manis Market and Pon Market. This is in accordance with the research of Harahap (2017), Muzaffar, Huq, and Mallik (2014), Nikmah, Qosjim, and Adenan (2015), Wahyono (2017). Their research found that capital has a positive and significant effect on the income of traders. Capital is one of the important factors in increasing income. Capital is used as to finance the need to run a business. Capital is a fund used to finance business establishment and daily operations activities (Harahap, 2017). So, without the capital a company cannot operate. It can be concluded that the capital in this study is the funds or goods used by traders to finance the day-to-day trading activities. The on going business will not develop without being supported by capital. The increasing capital affect the amount of merchandise to be sold, so it will increase profit.
From the regression result, known that has no significant effect on the income of traders in Manis Market and Pon Market, because working hours in the market are limited. Usually when it is noon, the market starts to get quiet and the goods are exhausted like vegetables, then the traders close the stall and pack the goods, so the visitors in the market are reduced. Then the hypotheses which states that working hours has a positive and significant effect on trader's income in Manis Market and Pon Market is rejected. This is accordance with research of Adhikari (2012), Adhikari and Phil (2018), and Artaman, Yuliarmi and Djayastra (2015). In the results of their research found that the variable working hours has no significant affect the trader's income. Capital is a fund used to finance business establishment and daily operations activities So, without the capital a company can not operate. It can be concluded that the capital in this study is the funds or goods used by traders to finance the day-to-day trading activities. The on going business will not develop without being supported by capital. The increasing capital affect the amount of merchandise to be sold, so it will increase profit.
From the regression result, length of business known has no significant effect on income in Manis Market. In other words, the income of Manis Market traders is not effected by the length of business. The results are in accordance with research of Adhikari (2012), Adhikari and Phil (2018), and Wahyono (2017). There is a similarity on the research results, known that the length of business has no significant effect on the trader's income. This is due to many new traders running their business since the Manis Market is revitalized. Then traders are grouped according to the type of their goods since revitalized. For example, vegetable traders placed in one row, so emerging tight competition with fellow traders. Therefore, the hypotheses stating that the length of business has a positive and significant effect on the income of traders in Manis Market is rejected.
From the regression results known that the P value of the length of business in Pon Market has a significant effect to the income variable in Pon Market and has a positive relationship, so the hypothesis stating that the length of business has a positive and significant effect to the trader's income in Pon Market is accepted. This finding is similar with the results of research byArtaman et al., (2015) stating that the length of business has a significant effect on the trader's income. In Pon Market the length of business can effect the increase in income because, the length of business can create business experience for traders to understand howthey can attract visitors to buy their goods or in other words able to use the marketing strategy well.
Based on the result using Independent Sample T-test found that there is a significant difference between the trader's income in Manis Market and Pon Market. Manis Market is a revitalized market and the market conditions are comfortable, so it can attract the visitors (Wibowo & Istiqomah, 2018). Traders in Manis Market have a higher average income compared to the average income of traders in Pon Market. Therefore, the hypothesis that stating There is a significant difference between average income of traders at Manis Market and Pon Market is accepted.

CONCLUSIONS
Capital has positive and significant impact on income received by traders in both markets Therefore, in order to increase income, traders should raise the capital to increase the quantity and variety and to improve the quality of goods. This can attract customers. Length of business has different effect in both markets. While it positively affects income in Pon Market, in Manis Market it has no effect. It could be due to the fact that some traders are fast learners and some have shown relatively slow response to new strategis to attract consumers. There is different findings of length of business in Manis Market and Pon Market. In Pon Market, length of business has significant effect but in Manis Market it has no significant effect because in Manis Market there are some traders who just started their business when the market has been revitalized. So, revitalization ha attratcted new traders who perform well.
This study found that there is a significant difference between average income of traders in Manis Market and Pon Market. The average income of traders in Manis Market is greater than that in Pon Market, which means that with the government program such us traditional markets revitalization by improving the quality and condition of market buildings, the income of traders in Manis Market increased. Therefore, to maintain the existence of traditional wet market, it is expected that the program can be applied to other traditional wet markets in Banyumas Regency.
The Limitations in this study are on the variables used. In this study use three variables: capital, working hour and length of business. There are other variables that are supposed to have an impact on traders' income such as age, education, location of the business, etc. So future research may consider to include these variables.