Measuring the Level of Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU): Analysis of SDGs Achievement in Indonesia

Baso Iwang; Nor Hayati binti Sa'at; Andi Faisal Anwar; Bahrul Ulum Rusydi

doi:10.32424/1.erjpe.2024.19.2.4525

Measuring the Level of Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU): Analysis of SDGs Achievement in Indonesia

Baso Iwang, Nor Hayati binti Sa'at, Andi Faisal Anwar, Bahrul Ulum Rusydi

Abstract

Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) is an indicator that measures the achievement of the 2nd goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda. Ideally, Indonesia as an agricultural country is able to guarantee the availability of food supplies and people's access to nutritious food products becomes easier. However, since 2018-2022 the prevalence of undernourishment (PoU) in Indonesia has continued to increase from year to year. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors that influence the level of Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) in Indonesia through food expectations, producer price index, food security budget, people's purchasing power and social assistance in the food sector. The novelty of this research is to try to trace the relationship between the dimensions of food quality, fiscal policy, price policy and people's purchasing power to the prevalence of undernourishment in Indonesia. To achieve this goal, a multiple regression analysis method was used with secondary data from 2011-2022 or the period before and after the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the producer price index, food security budget and people's purchasing power have a significant effect on the level of Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) in Indonesia. Meanwhile, food expectations and social assistance in the food sector have no significant effect on the level of Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) in Indonesia. Implication of this research, the government needs to evaluate various food security programs in order to maximize the reduction of the prevalence of undernourishment (PoU) in Indonesia.

Full Text:

190-202 PDF

References

Afridi, G. S., Jabbar, A., Khan, S., & Akmal, N. (2021). An Analysis of Food Insecurity in Pakistan: Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) and Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies (JAEBS), 1(1), 175–190.

AlKhars, M. A., Alwahaishi, S., Fallatah, M. R., & Kayal, A. (2022). A literature review of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in GCC for 2010–2020. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 100181.

Ansari, M. A. (2022). Re-visiting the Environmental Kuznets curve for ASEAN: A comparison between ecological footprint and carbon dioxide emissions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 168, 112867.

Assous, M., & Carret, V. (2022). Moving dynamics beyond business cycles: Jan Tinbergen’s first macrodynamic model (1934–1936). The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 1–15.

Backhouse, R. E. (2021). Zachary Carter, The Price of Peace: Money, Democracy, and the Life of John Maynard Keynes. Œconomia. History, Methodology, Philosophy, 11–3, 511–518.

Baliwati, Y. F., Briawan, D., & Melani, V. (2015). Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Kualitas Konsumsi Pangan pada Rumah Tangga Miskin di Indonesia. 38(1), 63–72.

Bao, Z., & Lu, W. (2023). Applicability of the environmental Kuznets curve to construction waste management: A panel analysis of 27 European economies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 188, 106667.

Bappenas, K. P. (2020). Metadata Indikator Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (TPB)/Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Indonesia.

Bashford, A. (2022). Malthus and gender. Australian Economic History Review, 62(3), 198–210.

Belongia, M. T., & Ireland, P. N. (2021). A classical view of the business cycle. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 53(2–3), 333–366.

Bertocco, G., & Kalajzić, A. (2023). A critical analysis of the loanable funds theory: some notes on the non-neutrality of money. Economia Politica, 40(1), 35–55.

Boianovsky, M., & Arthmar, R. (2022). Physics meets economics: Albert Einstein and Irving Fisher on science, peace, and the Great Depression. Available at SSRN.

Born, B., D’Ascanio, F., Müller, G. J., & Pfeifer, J. (2021). Mr. Keynes meets the classics: government spending and the real exchange rate. ifo Working Paper.

Bossone, B. (2021). Globalization of capital, erosion of economic policy sovereignty, and the lessons from John Maynard Keynes. Review of Keynesian Economics, 9(4), 512–520.

Cai, F., & Cai, F. (2021). Understanding China’s Development. Understanding China’s Economy: The Turning Point and Transformational Path of a Big Country, 45–65.

Çakır, M. S., & Aydemir, R. (2022). A Dutch disease approach into the premature deindustrialization. Economic Systems, 46(4), 101037.

Carlson, B. (2023). Cassel, Ohlin, Åkerman, And The Wall Street Crash Of 1929. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 45(1), 73–93.

Carrera, A. (2023). An Introduction to Macroeconomics. A Heterodox Approach to Economic Analysis: edited by L.-P. Rochon, and S. Rossi, Cheltenham, Northampton, MA, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021, xx+ 665pp,£ 175.50 (hardback), ISBN: 978 1 78990 114 6,£ 36.00 (paperback), ISB. Taylor & Francis.

Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia. (2022). Indonesian Sustainable Development Goals Indicators.

Chandra, R. (2022). Allyn Young’s Role as a Critic: Criticism as a Method to Advance Theory. Journal of Economic Issues, 56(4), 1168–1188.

Correa, R. (2021). A Classical-Keynes Model of Money and Finance for Transiting Economies. The Indian Economic Journal, 00194662211017269.

Cruz-e-Silva, V., & Almeida, F. (2022). The Making of Index Numbers in the Early 1920s: A Closer Look at the Fisher-Mitchell Debate. History of Political Economy, 54(4), 655–686.

Curott, N. A., & Snow, N. A. (2023). Nudging To Prohibition? A Reassessment Of Irving Fisher’S Economics Of Prohibition In Light Of Modern Behavioral Economics. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 45(1), 117–136.

Di Muzio, T. (2023). Capitalism, Money and Inequality in the World. REDUCED INEQUALITIES, 63.

Diewert, W. E. (2021). Elementary indexes. Consumer Price Index Theory.

Dimand, R. W. (2023). The Cowles Commission at the University of Chicago, 1939–1955. In The Palgrave Companion to Chicago Economics (pp. 103–122). Springer.

Dimand, R. W., & Valeonti, S. (2022). Irving Fisher, Simon Newcomb, and their plans to stabilize the dollar. The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 29(6), 1052–1065.

Emiriya, M., Muchimwe, E., & Mutanga, F. (2022). The Relationship Between Population Growth And Environmental Quality in Zimbabwe: time series analysis (1985-2020).

Fajgelbaum, P., & Redding, S. J. (2022). Trade, structural transformation, and development: Evidence from argentina 1869–1914. Journal of Political Economy, 130(5), 1249–1318.

Falade, O. E., & Adeyemi, W. O. (2022). The Effect of Sectorial Contributions to GDP on Environmental Degradation: A Verification of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 14(4 (J)), 1–10.

Flek, V., Marková, L., & Popiera, J. (n.d.). Sectoral Productivity and Real Exchange Rate Appreciation.

Gan, R. (2023). The Macro-level of the Economic System: The Dynamic Structure and Evolution of the National Economy. In Helix Network Theory: The Dynamic Structure and Evolution of Economy and Society (pp. 347–430). Springer.

Ghosh, S., Nath, S., & Srivastava, S. (2023). Productivity and real exchange rates for India: does Balassa-Samuelson effect explain? Indian Growth and Development Review, 16(1), 41–73.

Greenwood, J., & Hanke, S. H. (2022). On monetary growth and inflation in leading economies, 2021–22: Relative prices and the overall price level. Economic Affairs, 42(2), 288–306.

Guerard, J. B. (2022a). Economic Growth and Business Cycles in the US. In The Leading Economic Indicators and Business Cycles in the United States: 100 Years of Empirical Evidence and the Opportunities for the Future (pp. 1–21). Springer.

Guerard, J. B. (2022b). Wesley Clair Mitchell: The Advent of US And NBER Business Cycle Research. In The Leading Economic Indicators and Business Cycles in the United States: 100 Years of Empirical Evidence and the Opportunities for the Future (pp. 23–48). Springer.

Hashmi, S. M., Bhowmik, R., Inglesi-Lotz, R., & Syed, Q. R. (2022). Investigating the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis amidst geopolitical risk: Global evidence using bootstrap ARDL approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(16), 24049–24062.

Henrique, F., Terra, B., Filho, F. F., Cezar, P., & Fonseca, D. (2020). Review of Political Economy, v. 32, n. 3, 2020. 1–14.

Hidayati, D., Purwanto, A., Prasojo, S., Kusumaningrum, D., Ayu, G., Surtiari, K., & Aini, Y. N. (2020). Riset dampak PSBB : meski menerima bantuan pemerintah , warga hanya mampu bertahan seminggu. 1–5.

Huber, J. (2023). Historical Turning Points in the Composition of the Money Supply. In The Monetary Turning Point: From Bank Money to Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) (pp. 63–75). Springer.

Huf, B. (2022). Before Method and Models: The Political Economy of Malthus and Ricardo: by Ryan Walter, New York, Oxford University Press, 2021, DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197603055.001. 0001, p. 272. ISBN 9780197603055. Taylor & Francis.

Institute, S. R. (2021). No Title. SMERU, 1. https://smeru.or.id/en/article/indonesia’s-poverty-situation-during-covid-19-pandemic

Islam, M. R., & McGillivray, M. (2020). Wealth inequality, governance and economic growth. Economic Modelling, 88(June), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.06.017

Kamenya, M. A., Hendriks, S. L., Gandidzanwa, C., Ulimwengu, J., & Odjo, S. (2022). Public agriculture investment and food security in ECOWAS. Food Policy, 113, 102349.

Kementerian Pertanian, B. K. P. (2021). Perkembangan Konsumsi Pangan (Vol. 3, Issue Tahun 2020).

Kreager, P. (2022). Smith or Malthus? A Sea‐Change in the Concept of a Population. Population and Development Review, 48(3), 645–688.

Lai, C., & Ho, T. (2022). Thomas Malthus and Effectual Demand. In History of Economic Ideas in 20 Talks (pp. 45–51). Springer.

Lennard, J., Meinecke, F., & Solomou, S. (2021). Measuring inflation expectations in interwar Britain. The Economic History Review.

Manioudis, M. (2021). Economic history into the perspective of economic thought and historiography: Between the Symplegades. Investigaciones de Historia Económica, 58–68.

Mardison, E. (2020). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Prevalensi Ketidakcukupan Konsumsi Pangan di Sumatera Barat Menggunakan GeoDa. 8(1), 60–66.

Marson, M., Saccone, D., & Vallino, E. (2022). Total trade, cereals trade and undernourishment: new empirical evidence for developing countries. Review of World Economics, 1–34.

Mayer, T., & Schnabl, G. (2023). How to escape from the debt trap: lessons from the past. The World Economy, 46(4), 991–1016.

Michaelides, P. G., & Papadakis, T. E. (2023a). Joseph Stiglitz (1943–…). In History of Economic Ideas: From Adam Smith to Paul Krugman (pp. 147–157). Springer.

Michaelides, P. G., & Papadakis, T. E. (2023b). Milton Friedman (1912–2006). In History of Economic Ideas: From Adam Smith to Paul Krugman (pp. 93–105). Springer.

Milana, C. (2022). Refuting Samuelson’s capitulation on the re-switching of techniques in the Cambridge capital controversy. The Review of Austrian Economics, 1–19.

Mohamed, A. A., & Nor, M. I. (2023). The macroeconomic impacts of the mobile money: empirical evidence from EVC plus in Somalia. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 15(1), 1–15.

Mosk, C. (2022). Humanism Economics: A Brief History of Human Intelligence. Humanism Economics, 1–262.

Musiał, H. G., & Lubszczyk, M. M. (2022). The Issue of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Light of Milton Friedman’s Views and Their Further Development.

Naveed, A., Ahmad, N., Aghdam, R. F., & Menegaki, A. N. (2022). What have we learned from Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis? A citation-based systematic literature review and content analysis. Energy Strategy Reviews, 44, 100946.

Nelson, S. G., & Shelton, J. T. (2023). The Delicate Order of Liberalism. In Statecraft and the Political Economy of Capitalism (pp. 93–124). Springer.

Olanrewaju, S. M., & Funlayo, A. K. (2021). Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: A Test of Wagner’s and Keynes Hypotheses in Nigeria and Angola Economies. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(3), 1–6.

Pama, C. D., Pastrana, A. J., Rogel, J. I., & Rosete, M. A. (2022). Greenhouse Gases and Determinants of Growth: An Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis on ASEAN-5 Countries. UJoST-Universal Journal of Science and Technology, 1(2), 382–411.

Petrović, J. (2019). Economic Thought of Friedrich List, Gunnar Myrdal and John Maynard Keynes, and Its Applicability in Transition Economies. Facta Universitatis, Series: Economics and Organization, 16, 075. https://doi.org/10.22190/fueo1901075p

Pomini, M. (2022). From Fisher to Keynes: A Mathematical Business Cycle Theory. In Luigi Amoroso: The Building of Economics Between Science and Ideology (pp. 117–140). Springer.

Popescu, C. C., & Diaconu, L. (2022). Inflation–Unemployment Dilemma. A Cross-Country Analysis. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 69(3), 377–392.

Raharto, A. (2020). Penanggulangan COVID-19 dalam Kerangka Teori Kependudukan Malthus. 2902, 1–6.

Rioux, S., LeBaron, G., & Verovšek, P. J. (2020). Capitalism and unfree labor: a review of Marxist perspectives on modern slavery. Review of International Political Economy, 27(3), 709–731. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1650094

Rivie, M. (2023). Limits of Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanisms and Possible Alternatives. In Imperialism and the Political Economy of Global South’s Debt (Vol. 38, pp. 137–162). Emerald Publishing Limited.

Rössner, P. R. (2023). State Capacity and Capitalism from Cain to Keynes: Money, Markets and Manufacturing. In Managing the Wealth of Nations (pp. 203–208). Bristol University Press.

Saith, A. (2022). Development on the Periphery: Exit and Exile. In Cambridge Economics in the Post-Keynesian Era: The Eclipse of Heterodox Traditions (pp. 765–843). Springer.

Salasa, A. R. (2021). Paradigma dan Dimensi Strategi Ketahanan Pangan Indonesia. 13(1), 35–48.

Saliem, H. P. (2021). Redisain Kebijakan Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi Berbasis Dinamika Pola Konsumsi Masyarakat.

Samuelson, M. B., Reid, E. V, Drijber, R., Jeske, E., Blanco-Canqui, H., Mamo, M., Kadoma, I., & Wortman, S. E. (2022). Effects of compost, cover crops, and local conditions on degradation of two agricultural mulches in soil. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 37(2), 128–141.

Sekwati, D., & Dagume, M. A. (2023). Effect of Unemployment and Inflation on Economic Growth in South Africa. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 13(1), 35.

Sicsú, J., de Melo Modenesi, A., & Pimentel, D. (2021). Severe recession with inflation: the case of Brazil. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 44(1), 89–111.

Solana, A. (2022). Analisis Spasial Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Prevalensi Ketidakcukupan Konsumsi Pangan di Indonesia Tahun 2020. 2020, 1229–1238.

Solarin, S. A., Bello, M. O., & Tiwari, A. K. (2022). The impact of technological innovation on renewable energy production: accounting for the roles of economic and environmental factors using a method of moments quantile regression. Heliyon, 8(7), e09913.

Tavlas, G. S. (2021). A Reconsideration of the Doctrinal Foundations of Monetary Policy Rules: Fisher versus Chicago. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 43(1), 55–82.

Tavlas, G. S. (2022). Jacob Viner, Milton Friedman, and the Chicago Monetary Tradition: A Reconsideration. History of Political Economy, 54(2), 251–289.

Udeagha, M. C., & Breitenbach, M. C. (2023). Exploring the moderating role of financial development in environmental Kuznets curve for South Africa: fresh evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach. Financial Innovation, 9(1), 5.

Walter, R. (2021). Before Method and Models: The Political Economy of Malthus and Ricardo. Oxford University Press.

Yan, K., & Gupta, R. (2022). Turning Points of Environmental Kuznets Curves for G20 Economies: The Use of Chebyshev Polynomials. Prediction and Causality in Econometrics and Related Topics, 131–141.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32424/1.erjpe.2024.19.2.4525