Resource-Based View dan Keunggulan Bersaing Berkelanjutan: Sebuah Telaah Kritis Terhadap Pemikiran Jay Barney (1991)

Abstract

Jay Barney have been developed the concept of resource-based view which is important for strategic management. Resource-based view explained that organization can achieve sustained competitive advantage if posses resources with certain characteristics. Those characteristics include valueable resource, unique, rare, and inimitability. Resource-based view emphasize on internal factors as a source of sustained competitive advantage and criticize industrial organization approach which is emphasize on external factors. Based on resource-based view, organization can determine its strategies which appropriate with organizational capabilities. However, resource-based view have some weaknesses particulary related with conceptual and research issues. This article discussed those issues and the possibility for theory integration, especially between resource-based view and indutrial organization. Jay Barney (1991) mengembangkan konsep resource-based view yang memiliki peran penting bagi manajemen strategik. Konsep tersebut menyatakan bahwa organisasi akan mencapai keunggulan bersaing berkelanjutan apabila memiliki sumberdaya yang bernilai, unik, langka dan sulit ditiru. Resource-based view menekankan pada faktor internal organisasi dan mengkritik pendekatan industrial organization yang menekankan pada faktor eksternal organisasi. Berdasarkan resource-based view, organisasi dapat menentukan strategi yang akan dilakukannya sesuai dengan kapabilitas organisasi. Namun, resourcebased view juga memiliki beberapa kelemahan khususnya berkenaan dengan isu konsepsual dan isu metoda riset. Artikel ini membahas isu-isu tersebut dan kemungkinan integrasi resource-based view dengan pendekatan industrial organization.